JUST PUBLISHED: Oggy Boytchev on Sardinia, an island of contrasts

My first encounter with Sardinia was through the lens of the Taviani brothers in their earthy 1977 coming-of-age drama, Padre Padrone (My Father, My Master). As an impressionable youngster in communist Bulgaria, I was shaken by its raw authenticity. Based on the autobiography of the linguist, Gavino Ledda, a native of Sardinia, it was a story about an illiterate shepherd boy struggling to find words to describe the world around him. He was determined to escape the poverty of language and the physical poverty he was destined to endure. The film was hard to watch. The landscape was barren and formidable. The parental cruelty was harrowing and severe.

On my first visit to Sardinia this year, I discovered a transformed island of new roads, airports, restored villages and dense pine forests. In the last few decades, millions of trees have been planted as part of a regeneration project, making Sardinia the Italian region with the most tree cover as a proportion of its landmass.
Sardinia is an island of contrasts. The south, anchored by the capital Cagliari, is industrial and relatively affordable, while the north – home to the famed Costa Smeralda – is manicured, wealthy and expensive. I headed there, flying with British Airways direct into Olbia, in the island’s north-east.
Olbia is the unglamorous engine behind the glitter of Costa Smeralda. Once a modest port with Phoenician roots, it now serves as the gateway to Sardinia’s luxury coastline. Ferries and low-cost flights disgorge visitors who vanish north towards the glamorous beaches and glitzy marinas. Olbia offers plenty for holidaymakers, though the best way to discover the island is to rent a car from the airport.

Heading north on the motorway connecting the north and the south of the island you will come across a turning towards Porto Rotondo. Tucked away from the prying eyes of curious tourists lies Villa Certosa, well secured behind high walls and fortified gates. Villa Certosa is the legendary Sardinian estate of the late Silvio Berlusconi. Inherited by his five children after his death in 2023, it’s now on the market for a mere €500 million. For decades, this fortified estate doubled as Berlusconi’s private retreat and a theatre for grand state hospitality. George W. Bush, Tony Blair, and Vladimir Putin were among the world leaders who stayed here. The vast estate remains part myth, part trophy – a monument to power and wealth that ordinary mortals can glimpse only from the sea.

North of Villa Certosa along the coast you will come across the small town of Porto Cervo. The town is a paradox. Conceived in the 1960s by the late Aga Khan, it was carved from Sardinia’s wild northern coastline and turned into a playground for Europe’s super-rich. The once rugged fishing hamlet was transformed with pastel villas, Moorish arches and a marina designed to cradle superyachts longer than its streets. History here is short and artificial – a manmade theatre set thriving on exclusivity. In August, it swells with billionaires, celebrities and discreetly armed bodyguards. Boutiques competing for attention line the town’s cobbled lanes. The Piazzetta buzzes with sun tanned daytrippers sipping champagne at eye-watering prices.
Porto Cervo’s appeal is obvious. The sea is calm and clear, the beaches sculpted by nature. The air smells of Sardinian myrtle and international money. For those who can pay, the place offers refuge from the ordinary, a curated Mediterranean fantasy of luxury and control. Yet in the supermarkets outside the town you hear murmurs of discontent. Local Sardinians and ordinary tourists are priced out. Beyond the marina, villages struggle with seasonal work and inflated rents. Once the season ends, the town is eerily empty. Dazzling with wealth, Porto Cervo remains cut off from the island around it. The beauty is plain to see, the soul harder to find, except in one hidden gem: the Stella Maris church.

Positioned on a hill overlooking the Gulf of Pevero, it commands a striking view of the Tyrrhenian Sea. It was built in the 1960s in a Mediterranean style: whitewashed curves, simple lines, and a bell tower shaped like a lighthouse. Inside, the church houses precious artworks, including a 16th Century Madonna by El Greco. Stella Maris is a place of quiet devotion away from the glamour of the town. And yet, I can’t help but see it as another example of the town’s carefully curated image.

A couple of miles north of Port Cervo, along a road sprinkled with little restaurants and small hotels, lies Baia Sardinia, my final destination.
Baia Sardinia is one of the best-known seaside resorts in the north-east of the island, a place for ordinary tourists. Its architecture reflects the vision which inspired Porto Cervo: lowrise Mediterranean-style buildings, villas and hotels built with granite and local stone, all integrated within the landscape and the rocky coastline rather than towering over them.

The beaches around Baia Sardinia are its biggest attraction: golden sands, sheltered coves, clear shallow waters. There are also secluded stretches of sand fringed by scrub and rock, which you can only access on foot or by boat.

Baia Sardinia offers a wide choice of accommodation, from mid-market hotels to high-end resorts, allowing visitors to decide how much luxury, privacy or budget suits them. For the restless traveller, however, a hire car is invaluable for exploring the island’s interior. One rewarding destination is Tempio Pausania, about an hour’s drive from Baia Sardinia. Nestled in the granite hills of Gallura and surrounded by chestnut and cork oak forests, it reveals a quieter, older Sardinia beyond the coast.

Tempio is a town of stone and silence. Known since Roman times, it flourished in the Middle Ages and later under the Savoy dynasty. Its architecture is striking: grey granite façades, narrow streets, and elegant piazzas. The town is famed for cork production, supplying much of Italy’s wine industry.

A day trip south of Olbia will take you to Posada on Sardinia’s eastern coast. The town rises dramatically beneath a medieval hilltop castle, Castello della Fava. Its history stretches back to Phoenician and Roman settlements. The old town is a labyrinth of narrow lanes, stone houses, and arches, climbing steeply towards the castle ruins, which offer sweeping views of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Below, the modern village spills into fertile plains watered by the Rio Posada. Long sandy beaches, backed by dunes and pine woods, attract visitors in the summer, while the wetlands of the Parco Naturale di Tepilora provide a haven for birdlife.

Sardinia Fact-File
• Where is it? Sardinia is Italy’s second-largest island and enjoys autonomous status. Its capital is Cagliari.
• Size and people: Roughly 24,000km2 – bigger than Wales – but home to only around 1.6 million, giving it one of the lowest population densities in Italy.
• Getting there: Three international airports serve the island – Cagliari, Olbia (Costa Smeralda) and Alghero.
• Money matters: The currency is the euro. Regional GDP sits at around €35bn.
• Languages: Italian is official, but Sardinian dialects remain widely spoken.
• Costa Smeralda: Developed in the 1960s by the Aga Khan, it is among Europe’s most expensive playgrounds. Prime homes here can fetch over €12,000 per square metre.
• Tempio Pausania: A granite town in Gallura with 13,000 residents, 566m above sea level. Co-capital of the province, famed for cork production.
• Cork country: The Gallura region is a hub for cork oak harvesting – a tree must grow for 25–30 years before its first cut, then every decade thereafter.
• Natural landscape: Lush pine forests, chestnut groves and Mediterranean scrub dominate. Large-scale reforestation has given Sardinia the highest proportion of tree cover of any Italian region.
• Deep history: Sardinia is strewn with nuraghi – Bronze-Age stone towers unique to the island – along with Phoenician, Roman and medieval layers of history.